Erectile dysfunction (ED) often occurs due to diminished blood flow, and PDE5 inhibitor drugs taken orally can help restore blood supply for some men. However, if the blood vessels surrounding the penis are narrowed, other blood vessels might be similarly affected, indicating a potential underlying cardiovascular issue. ED can also result from diabetes, prostate problems, or as a side effect of medications such as antidepressants.
Testosterone deficiency (TD) can also contribute to ED. Just as women's hormones change in middle age, leading to low libido, testosterone levels can decline in men, causing similar effects. Testosterone replacement therapy can improve erections in men with testosterone deficiency, particularly when combined with other treatments.
Non-medical interventions can also be beneficial. Diet and lifestyle play a significant role. Seventy-nine percent of older adults are overweight, and overweight men are more likely to suffer from ED. Weight loss can make a difference. Regular exercise, quitting smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption are good initial measures. Incorporating elements of the Mediterranean diet, such as olive oil, fish, and nuts, is also recommended. Essentially, anything beneficial for the heart is good for the penis.
In up to 20% of cases, ED has psychological or emotional causes, making counselling a viable treatment option. Psychological issues can decrease confidence and self-esteem, worsening ED symptoms. Performance anxiety and unhealthy fixations learned through pornography can also impact sexual function. Talk therapy can address these psychological issues, positively affecting relationships and intimacy levels over time.
By considering a range of treatments, both medical and lifestyle-based, men with ED can find a solution that best suits their needs.